The two layers

• The first layer is discomfort associated with an event, thought or bodily experience itself.
• The second is additional suffering involving fear, resistance and repeated associations around the first experience.

Using everyday conflicts as examples, the speaker distinguishes what happened from what was subsequently added.

Using the concept to read the course

This can be a framework for understanding the speaker's examples. When reading a conflict case, note the initial event, later associations and actual behavior separately, instead of merging them into one statement.

What not to infer

The proportions and metaphors in the lecture should not be treated as quantitative rules that apply to everyone. This framework must not be used to deny physical illness, external harm or another person's suffering.